Data Storage and Retrieval refers to the processes of saving (storing) data in a system and later accessing (retrieving) it when needed. It is a fundamental aspect of computing that involves organizing data in a way that ensures efficient and secure access.

1. Data Storage: This is the act of saving data in a medium, such as hard drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), cloud storage, or databases. Data can be stored in various formats (structured, unstructured, or semi-structured), and is typically organized in files, records, or databases to facilitate easy management and access.
2. Data Retrieval: This is the process of accessing stored data. Retrieval mechanisms depend on the data's structure and location. For example, in databases, Structured Query Language (SQL) or NoSQL queries are used to retrieve specific data. In file systems, search algorithms help locate files quickly.

Efficient storage and retrieval systems are essential for the smooth operation of applications, ensuring fast access to data while maintaining data integrity and security.